History of the City of Astrakhan, Russia
Astrakhan is one of the oldest cities in southern Russia, founded in the 13th century. In 1558, its people pledged allegiance to Ivan the Terrible and the city became part of Russia. Following this, Astrakhan served Moscow not only as a powerful military outpost in the southeast, but also as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
Due to its strategic geographical position—at the border of European Russia and along a waterway connecting to Iran and the Indian Ocean—Astrakhan gained great importance in Russia’s trade routes.
The name “Astrakhan” is believed to be of Turkic origin. “Astar” or “Astara” is a Turkic word meaning “lower” or “underlayer,” and the suffix “khan” or “khagan” refers, as is well known, to a ruler or king. In old Persian sources, the city has also been referred to as Hajji Tarkhan, Hajji Tarhan, or Hashtar Khan.
Characteristics of Astrakhan, Russia
Astrakhan is the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast and has held this status since 1943. It is located approximately 1,400 kilometers from Moscow and has a total population of around one million people. The majority of the city’s residents are Muslims, particularly Azerbaijani Shia Muslims. One of Russia’s prominent Shia mosques is also located in Astrakhan.
Thanks to its air, sea, and rail connections, Astrakhan is considered one of Russia’s important commercial cities. Its strategic location along both land and water trade routes makes it a major industrial hub—not only in Russia, but across Europe. The city dates back to the medieval period and, beyond its commercial significance, it is known for its beauty and has long served as an unofficial retreat for national leaders.
Geographical Location of the City of Astrakhan, Russia
Today, the territory of Astrakhan extends toward Volgograd and covers an area of approximately 208 square kilometers. The city is located in the southeastern part of Moscow and the southern region of Russia. It is also about one hour behind Moscow in terms of time zone. The region consists of 11 islands and is situated on the Volga River Delta, where the river flows into the Caspian Sea.
The distance between Astrakhan and the Iranian port city of Bandar Anzali is around 1,300 kilometers. According to recent negotiations between Iran and Russia, a direct flight from Rasht to Astrakhan is expected to launch soon, facilitating easier travel for traders between the two countries.
Climate of Astrakhan, Russia
Astrakhan has a dry continental climate with cold winters. In January, temperatures can drop to around -6°C, while in the summer they can rise to approximately +25°C. The summer and autumn seasons are typically marked by heavy rainfall. The best time to visit the region for tourism is from early May to late September.
Airports of Astrakhan, Russia
The city has only one public international airport, which, due to favorable flying conditions, is well-equipped to handle both domestic and international flights. The airport is located in the southern suburb of Astrakhan, approximately 8 kilometers from the city center, and is known as Boris Kustodiev Airport, officially named Astrakhan Airport.
The first official airport of Astrakhan was established in 1936 in the southeastern part of the city near the village of Asipnovy Bigor. Today, this facility is used as a sports airport under the same name.
Tourist Attractions in Astrakhan, Russia
Among the tourist attractions in Astrakhan are the Volga River and the city’s salt lakes, some of which reach heights of up to 150 meters. The city is also known for its music halls, boasting five prominent venues that host a variety of cultural events.
Universities in Astrakhan, Russia
Astrakhan, Russia, is home to four reputable universities, each offering a variety of faculties in different fields of study:
| Astrakhan State College of Arts |
| Astrakhan State Medical University |
| Astrakhan State Technical University |
| Astrakhan State University |
